Jews have been coming to Dubrovnik since the early 15th century. Refugees from Spain and Portugal arrived in the in the 1490s. This synagogue was established in 1652 and has been in service since then.

The Baroque interior was done in the 17th century and has remained largely unchanged to this day. The Holy Ark contains original scrolls from Spain.

Since there is no local rabbi, services are performed by traveling rabbis on High Holy Days.